Most Common Pet Illnesses and How to Prevent Them

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By Dr. Lila Brooks | Health & Wellness Column | The Pet Standard

Pets are cherished members of our families, and just like us, they’re vulnerable to illness. While modern veterinary care offers incredible treatment options, prevention remains the best medicine.

Understanding the most common illnesses affecting pets and knowing how to prevent them can help your furry friend live a longer, healthier, and more comfortable life.

In this article, we’ll explore some of the most frequent conditions seen in dogs and cats, what signs to watch for, and how to keep these issues at bay with simple, everyday practices.

1. Dental Disease

What it is: Gum disease (periodontal disease) is one of the most common health issues in both dogs and cats. It begins with plaque build-up that hardens into tartar, leading to inflammation, infection, and tooth loss.

Signs to watch for:

• Bad breath

• Red or bleeding gums

• Difficulty eating

• Drooling or pawing at the mouth

Prevention tips:

• Brush your pet’s teeth regularly with pet-safe toothpaste

• Offer dental chews or specially designed toys

• Schedule annual dental check-ups and professional cleanings when advised

2. Parasite Infestations (Fleas, Ticks & Worms)

What it is: External parasites like fleas and ticks, and internal ones such as roundworms and tapeworms, can cause irritation, illness, and even transmit diseases to pets and humans.

Signs to watch for:

• Excessive scratching or biting

• Visible worms in faeces

• Lethargy or weight loss

• Scooting (in dogs) or frequent licking (in cats)

Prevention tips:

• Use year-round vet-recommended parasite preventatives

• Regularly clean bedding and vacuum floors

• Conduct routine checks, especially after outdoor activity

3. Obesity

What it is Obesity is a rising concern among pets in the UK. Carrying excess weight can lead to serious health conditions, including diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease.

Signs to watch for:

• Lack of waistline or difficulty feeling ribs

• Reluctance to exercise

• Shortness of breath

• Joint stiffness

Prevention tips:

• Feed a balanced diet in appropriate portions

• Limit treats and avoid table scraps

• Ensure regular exercise suited to your pet’s breed and age

• Schedule annual vet check-ups to monitor weight

4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

What it is: UTIs are more common in cats, especially males, but can affect dogs too. Left untreated, they can lead to kidney infections or blockages particularly dangerous in male cats.

Signs to watch for:

• Frequent or painful urination

• Blood in urine

• Urinating outside the litter box

• Excessive licking of genital area

Prevention tips:

• Encourage hydration with clean, fresh water

• Use water fountains to increase water intake

• Feed a vet-recommended diet that supports urinary health

• Keep litter boxes clean and accessible

5. Ear Infections

What it is: Particularly common in dogs with floppy ears or those prone to allergies, ear infections can cause discomfort and may recur if not properly treated.

Signs to watch for:

• Head shaking or scratching at ears

• Odour or discharge from the ear

• Redness or swelling inside the ear

• Sensitivity when touched

Prevention tips:

• Gently clean ears with vet-approved solutions

• Keep ears dry after bathing or swimming

• Monitor for signs of allergies or skin conditions

• Regular grooming for breeds with heavy ear hair

6. Arthritis and Joint Problems

What it is: Arthritis is a degenerative condition that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It’s common in older pets but can affect younger ones too, especially large breeds.

Signs to watch for:

• Limping or stiffness after rest

• Reluctance to climb stairs or jump

• Behavioural changes (irritability, restlessness)

• Muscle loss or weight gain from inactivity

Prevention tips:

• Keep your pet at a healthy weight

• Provide regular, low-impact exercise

• Use joint-supporting supplements (consult your vet)

• Offer soft, supportive bedding

7. Kennel Cough and Respiratory Illnesses

What it is: Highly contagious respiratory infections, such as kennel cough in dogs and feline herpesvirus in cats, are common in shelters, kennels, and multi-pet households.

Signs to watch for:

• Persistent cough or sneezing

• Nasal discharge

• Lethargy or reduced appetite

• Fever

Prevention tips:

• Keep up to date with vaccinations

• Avoid high-risk environments if your pet is unvaccinated

• Quarantine new pets before introducing them

• Maintain good hygiene in bedding and food areas

8. Diabetes

What it is: Diabetes mellitus, particularly common in overweight cats and older dogs, occurs when the body can’t properly regulate blood sugar levels.

Signs to watch for:

• Increased thirst and urination

• Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite

• Lethargy

• Cloudy eyes (in dogs)

Prevention tips:

• Maintain a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise

• Avoid high-sugar treats and table scraps

• Schedule regular vet checks for early detection

• Monitor for changes in thirst or urination habits

Final Thoughts

While we can’t protect our pets from every illness, many of the most common conditions are entirely preventable with regular care, attention, and timely veterinary support. Preventative health isn’t just about vaccines and flea treatment it’s about knowing what to watch for, building healthy habits, and creating an environment where your pet can thrive.

The more proactive we are, the better chance our pets have at living long, happy lives free from preventable pain and discomfort. Think of it not as work, but as a simple way to return the unconditional love they give us every day.